Impingement syndrome occurs when the tendons of the rotator cuff become irritated or compressed within the shoulder joint, leading to pain and reduced function. This condition often develops gradually and is exacerbated by overhead movements. Initially, individuals may experience a dull ache that turns into sharp pain, particularly when lifting the arm or reaching overhead. Without treatment, it can progress to more significant tendon damage or even tears. Left untreated, it can lead to chronic pain, weakness, and restricted movement.
Symptoms of Impingement Syndrome
Pain:
Pain in the shoulder, particularly when lifting the arm overhead or reaching behind the back.
Weakness:
Reduced strength in the shoulder, especially with overhead motions.
Limited Range of Motion:
Difficulty lifting the arm or rotating it fully.
Tenderness:
Pain or tenderness in the shoulder, especially when pressing on the acromion (the bony prominence on the shoulder blade).
Night Pain:
Pain often worsens at night or while lying on the affected side.
What Causes Impingement Syndrome:
Repetitive Overhead Movements: Athletes or workers who perform repetitive overhead motions, such as swimmers or painters, often develop impingement due to the repetitive compression of the rotator cuff tendons against the bone structures in the shoulder.
Poor Posture: Slouching or rounded shoulders can narrow the space between the humeral head and acromion, leading to constant friction on the rotator cuff tendons, increasing the risk of impingement.
Bone Spurs: Age-related changes such as bone spurs or abnormal bony structures can narrow the space in the shoulder and exacerbate the friction on the tendons.
How to Prevent Impingement Syndrome:
Strengthening Exercises: Regularly performing rotator cuff and scapular stabilization exercises can help maintain shoulder strength and reduce the risk of impingement.
Avoid Repetitive Overhead Movements: Minimizing repetitive overhead actions and taking frequent breaks can prevent overuse injuries that lead to impingement syndrome.
Maintain Proper Posture: Good posture prevents narrowing of the shoulder joint space, reducing stress on the rotator cuff tendons.
When to Seek Orthopedic Care for Impingement Syndrome:
Pain During Overhead Movements: If you experience pain when lifting your arm or reaching overhead, especially if it becomes sharper with continued movement, it may indicate impingement syndrome.
Weakness or Limited Mobility: If you notice weakness in the shoulder or a reduced range of motion, seeking medical advice is crucial.
Night Pain: Pain that worsens at night or disrupts sleep can be a sign of impingement syndrome or other shoulder issues.
A shoulder specialist, particularly an orthopedic surgeon with expertise in rotator cuff injuries, should be consulted. A specialist can determine whether impingement syndrome is present and recommend treatment, which may include physical therapy or surgical options like arthroscopic surgery.
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